ARDUINO-BASICS AND PIN OUTS

ARDUINO is a company that designs and manufactures single board microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for building digital devices,  ARDUINO boards are available commercially in preassembled form or as DIY kit . ARDUINO board is a microcontroller which is designed with the use of verity of microprocessors and controllers, they have many digital and analogs pins, these pins are called input and output pins.

The microcontrollers can be programed using C & C++ programming languages, the ARDUINO project provides an IDE based on the processing language. ARDUINO is open source hardware, ARDUINO microcontrollers are per-programmed with bootloader that simplifies uploading of programs to the on-chip memory, the default boot loader of the ARDUINO UNO is the optiboot boot loader and boards are loaded with program code via a serial connection to another. Arduino is used in many projects and has thousands of applications, this software is easy to use for the beginners, it can run on any operating system like mac ,Windows and Linux ,building projects with the help of Arduino is very simple, easy and low cost  it is easy to understand and easy to use.  

FOR MORE INFORMATION VISIT     

wikipedia

You can make interesting and attractive projects using Arduino boards , it has a wide variety of sensors which can help you to build a smart project. Some useful sensors are as follow:


1) Ultrasonic sensor
2) Infrared sensor
3) Motion sensor
4) Gas sensor
5) Water sensor
6) Color sensor
7) Light intensity sensor

MOST COMMONLY USED ARDUINO BOARDS:

   1) ARDUINO UNO

   2)ARDUINO NANO

  

Arduino nano is just like arduino uno but the only difference is that it do not have a power jack, we have to give power using the USB port and it's USB port is different form the standard one ,it has a micro USB port.

  3)ARDUINO DUE     

Arduino due is  based on a 32-bit ARM core microcontroller, it has 54 digital(input/output) pins and 12 analog input pins,this board is used when we have to make a large and a powerful arduino project.

   4)ARDUINO MEGA

Arduino mega is based on microcontroller  ATmega2560, it has 54 digital(input/output) pins and 16 analog pins for analog inputs.

ARDUINO  ARCHITECTURE

1) DIGITAL PINS:  ARDUINO has a set of 14 digital pins (input/output pins).

These pins are used for taking inputs or giving outputs, each pin has an internal pull-up resistor which can be turned on and off using digitalWrite() command .0 (RX) and 1 (TX) used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) serial data.

2) ANALOG PINS:

 ARDUINO has 6 analog pins 

these pins are used for reading analog data.

3) POWER JACK:

This is used for giving power to the ARDUINO board.

4) USB CONNECTOR:

 A USB connector is used for connecting an Arduino with a desktop or a laptop.

5) MICROCONTROLLER (ATMEGA328)

ATmega328 is an 8-bit and 28 Pins AVR(Advanced Virtual RISC) Microcontroller, it has a flash type program memory of 32KB, an EEPROM memory of 1KB and its SRAM memory is of 2KB and it has 8 Pin for ADC operations. 

5) RESET BUTTON:

reset button restart the Arduino. It means that the program memory ROM set to the starting position or address. Your code starts from the beginning, and hardware resets.

6) POWER PINS:

6.1)ARDUINO has 2 ground pins ,you can use these pins for connecting negative(ground) terminal of your components.

6.2) it has one 5v and one 3.3v pin for connecting the positive terminals of your components.

DOWNLOAD ARDUINO IDE FROM: 

https://www.arduino.cc/en/main/software

BUY ORIGINAL ARDUINO FROM: 

https://store.arduino.cc/usa/